Welcome to Module 2!

Dear Learner,

This module offers a comprehensive exploration of both physical and human geography, providing students with an understanding of the Earth’s systems and the complex interactions between humans and their environment.

Both physical and human geography are interconnected, and the curriculum emphasizes the need for sustainable development practices that consider both environmental and human factors. Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills through geographical inquiry, which involves planning and conducting investigations that apply their knowledge to real-world issues.

Dear learner, in the first module, you have explored the geological processes that led to the formation of continents and oceans, key topics include the geological timescale, the distribution of landmasses, and the dynamic changes in continental positions over time. You have learnt about Köppen’s climate classification, the various climatic regions, and the factors influencing climate patterns. You have examined the role of natural resources in global dynamics, focusing on resource management and the conflicts that arise from resource scarcity.

Finally, the first module addressed the factors influencing global population growth and the associated challenges. You have investigated international migration patterns, demographic changes, and the implications of population policies.

Great Job! Now let’s proceed to module two.

This module is divided into four units Unit 5, 6, 7 & 8 each of which has its own specific objectives.  

Unit Five explores the intricate relationship between geographic location and economic development, delving into how factors such as climate extremes and the disadvantages faced by landlocked countries can significantly impact growth opportunities. Students will examine the effects of geographic positioning on trade dynamics, particularly intraregional trade in Africa, and analyze how accessibility to markets and resources can either enhance or hinder economic progress. Through case studies and data analysis, learners will critically assess the socio-economic implications of geographic factors and understand the interconnectedness of location, climate, and development outcomes. By the end of this unit, students will be equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions regarding the role of geography in shaping economic policies and strategies.

Unit Six delves into the persistent environmental changes that are reshaping our world, with a focus on their repercussions on ecosystems and human livelihoods. Students will explore topics such as habitat fragmentation, agricultural intensification, and the overexploitation of resources, while also examining the challenges posed by invasive species and the poverty-environment nexus. Through interactive simulations and real-world examples, learners will gain a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of poverty on land degradation and deforestation, and how these issues contribute to broader environmental degradation. The unit emphasizes the importance of sustainable development practices in mitigating these challenges and promoting ecological balance, preparing students to become responsible stewards of the environment.

Unit Seven addresses the pressing geographic issues and public concerns of our contemporary world, with a particular focus on population-related challenges in developing countries. Students will explore the implications of rapid population growth, including its impact on family size, education, and income, as well as the rates of economic growth. The unit also tackles pressing issues such as unemployment, land degradation, drought, famine, and deforestation, while examining the worldwide digital divide and its role in exacerbating socio-economic disparities. Through case studies and group discussions, learners will engage in critical thinking exercises to propose potential solutions to these challenges, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in managing population growth and resource use. By the end of this unit, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between population dynamics, development, and environmental sustainability.

Unit Eight introduces students to the fundamental concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applications in geographic analysis and decision-making. Learners will explore the representation of relief features on topographic maps and delve into the definition, importance, and components of GIS. Through hands-on activities using ArcMap software, students will gain practical skills in opening, saving, and closing documents, as well as adding, removing, and displaying data. The unit emphasizes the critical role of GIS in addressing complex geographic challenges, such as resource management, urban planning, and disaster response. By the end of this unit, students will appreciate the power of geo-spatial information and data processing in shaping our understanding of the world and informing sustainable development strategies.

Competencies

By the end of the module, you will be able to;

• Investigate the effects of geographic location on economic development;
• Realize the impacts of extreme climates on poverty;
• Analyze the challenges facing landlocked countries on development and
• Review the levels and hurdles of intraregional trade in Africa
• Recognize the nature and characteristics of persistent environmental changes;
• Investigate the nature and characteristics of emerging environmental changes;
• Examine the intricate relationships between poverty and the environment;
• Recognize that a sustainable environment is part of sustainable development.
• Analyze the population growth-related challenges of the Developing Countries (DCs) and the remedial measures,
• Examine population-related public concerns of our contemporary world,
• Evaluate the ever-unrestrained problems of unemployment and underemployment,
• Investigate environmental degradation and its role in desertification,
• Investigate areas frequently affected by drought and famine,
• Examine the threats deforestation poses to our world, and
• Appreciate the emerging digital divide between different regions of the world
• Depict different relief features on a topographic map;
• Explain the basic concepts of geographic information system;
• Understand the components of GIS;
• Acquainted with the main tools of available GIS software; and open, add, and display spatial data on ArcMap 

Content

5: Geographic Location On Economic Development

Lesson 1: Effects of geographic location on development

Lesson 2: Climate extremes and poverty

Lesson 3: Disadvantages of landlocked countries

Lesson 4: Intraregional trade in Africa

6: Major Global Environmental Changes

Lesson 5: Persistent environmental changes

Lesson 6: Habitat fragmentation

Lesson 7: Agricultural intensification

Lesson 8: Overexploitation of resources

Lesson 9: Invasive species

Lesson 10: Poverty–environment nexus

Lesson 11: Poverty and land degradation

Lesson 12: Poverty and deforestation

Lesson 13: Environmental degradation and sustainable development

7: Geographic Issues And Concerns

Lesson 14: Population-related concerns of our contemporary world

Lesson 15: Population growth-related challenges in the

Lesson 16: Developing Countries (DCs)

Lesson 17: Family size, education, and income

Lesson 18: Rates of population and economic growth

Lesson 19: Unemployment and underemployment

Lesson 20: Land degradation and desertification

Lesson 21: Drought and famine

Lesson 22: Deforestation

Lesson 23: The worldwide digital divide

8: Geo-Spatial Information And Data Processing

Lesson 24: Representation of relief features on topographic maps

Lesson 25: Basic concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS)

Lesson 26: Definition and importance of GIS

Lesson 27: Components of GIS

Lesson 28: Arcmap and main tools

Lesson 29: Opening, saving, and closing arcmap documents

Lesson 30: Main tools and their role

Lesson 31: Adding, removing and displaying data

ASSESSMENT

Assessment in this module may include:

• Diagnostic Assessment
• Formative Assessment
• Summative Assessment

References

• Geography Grade 11 Student Text Book Based On New Curriculum
• Top Geography For Grade 11-12
• Royal Geography For Grade 11-12
• Galaxy Geography For Grade 11-12
• Intermediate Geography Grade 11-12