Climate change refers to significant alterations in global temperatures and weather patterns over extended periods, primarily driven by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and livestock farming, which increase greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture significantly contribute to atmospheric CO2 and other GHGs, enhancing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Greenhouse gases like CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space, thus raising Earth’s average temperature. The direct consequences of climate change include rising temperatures, increasing sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events. Indirectly, it leads to increased hunger, health risks, economic crises, loss of biodiversity, and ocean acidification. Climate change disrupts habitats, threatening species and reducing agricultural productivity, which ultimately impacts food security. To mitigate these effects, various international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit temperature rise and promote sustainable development. Ethiopia has also taken significant steps in response to climate change, exemplified by the Green Legacy Initiative and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, both of which illustrate the country's commitment to building a climate-resilient economy and addressing the challenges posed by climate change.