Summary: 1
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals. It is categorized into two main types: asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, a single organism produces offspring without the fusion of gametes. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Common methods include binary fission (bacteria), budding (yeast), fragmentation (starfish), and vegetative propagation (plants). This process allows for rapid population growth but results in low genetic diversity, making populations more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). This process includes fertilization, where the sperm and egg unite to form a zygote, which then develops into a new organism. While sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity, enhancing adaptability and survival, it requires more time and energy and often involves finding a mate.
In summary, asexual reproduction is efficient but limits genetic variation, while sexual reproduction fosters diversity but is more resource-intensive.