History Grade 12: Semester 1

Description

Dear learner,

This teaching material is prepared for a history course given to Students of Grade Twelve. The purpose is to help students understand a history of Africa and World from modern times to 1990s as a base for shaping and bettering the future. The module generally focuses on major topics in the history of World and Africa including social, cultural, economic, and political developments and their interrelations thereof. The contents of the module consider the chronology and thematic relations of events in time and space.

The module is divided into five units each of which has its own specific objectives. The first unit identify factors that contribute to the growth of nationalism; appreciate the existing technological advancement of the capitalist economy; make a comparative analysis of Italy’s and Germany’s unification. Based on these historical backgrounds the second unit discuss about World War I and its immediate aftermath. The alliance systems of World War I, the causes, course, and effects of the war, and the peace settlement are discussed in detail. This unit also explain about the Russian Revolution of 1917. Another important lesson is the inter-war period, which is the period between World War I and World War II in this unit. This period witnessed the Great Depression and the rise of dictators, who eventually led the world again into another major war, i.e., World War II. Accordingly, this unit explain about the rise of Fascism and Nazism in Italy and Germany.

Then the third unit discuss about the consequences of World War II and major developments of that happened soon after the end of the war including the formation of the United Nations Organization, the post-war global socio-economic recovery and developments, the Cold War realities and the relations between the capitalist and communist blocs, the main characteristic features of the Cold War and military blocs, as well as economic groupings. Besides, this unit explain about the Middle East, the Arabo-Israeli conflict , the causes that brought the Communist Bloc to an end and the consequences of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on global political development. Finally, the opportunities and problems resulting from the fall of Communism and major developments after the collapse of Communism are the major points to be deals with in this lesson.

The fourth unit seeks to discuss the main historical developments in Africa from the 1880s to the 1960s. The period of European colonization is the focus of this unit and involves lessons such as: the Process of Colonization, African Resistance against Colonial Expansion, Colonial Administration and the Colonial States. Based on these historical backgrounds in the fifth unit, you identify the main historical developments on the continent of Africa since the 1960s. It studies the history of the newly independent African states. The topics included in this unit are the road to independence and the rise of independent states in Africa, politics in the independent African states, the economy and society in independent Africa, the cold war in Africa, Pan-Africanism, and the transition from the Organization of African Unity to the African Union.

Competencies

After the successful completion of this module you will be able to:

• Analyze the development and global impacts of economic, political, and social philosophies in Europe, including Capitalism and Marxian Economics.
• Explain global socio-economic conditions during the interwar period and evaluate the consequences of the Russian Revolution and the two world wars.
• Assess the socio-economic and political features of the post-WWII world, including the Cold War and sweeping contemporary global changes.
• Examine colonial administration in Africa, the strengths and weaknesses of resistance to colonial rule, and the performance of early African political leaders in nation-building.
• Investigate neo-colonialism, its impact on liberated African nations, and strategies for countering indirect domination.
• Trace the origins and development of African regionalism and integration, focusing on the OAU, AU, and challenges to African unity.
• Differentiate peace and security concepts in the African context, evaluate African peace and security mechanisms, and analyze environmental challenges and coping strategies.

Contents

1. Capitalism & Nationalism

Lesson 1: Development of Capitalism

Lesson 2: The Industrial Revolution

Lesson 3: Nationalism

Lesson 4: Unification of Italy

Lesson 5: Unification of Germany

Lesson 6: The American Civil War

Lesson 7: The Eastern Question

2. Society & Politics in WW

Lesson 8: World War I and Its Settlement

Lesson 9: The Russian Revolution of 1917

Lesson 10: Interwar Period: Capitalist Economy

Lesson 11: Fascism and Nazism and World War II

3. Global & R0egional Developments

Lesson 12: The United Nations Organization (the UN)

Lesson 13: The Post-War Global Socio- Economic Recovery and Developments

Lesson 14: The Cold War Realities

Lesson 15: Situations in Asia, Middle East

Lesson 16: The Dissolution of the Communist Bloc and the Aftermath

4. Africa & Colonial Experience

Lesson 17: The Era of “Legitimate Trade” and Colonial Empire

Lesson 18: African Resistance against Colonial Expansion

Lesson 19: Colonial Administration and the Colonial States

5. Africa since 1960s

Lesson 20: The Road to & the Rise of Independent States in Africa

Lesson 21: Politics, Economy and Society in Independent Africa

Lesson 22: The Cold War and Africa,

Lesson 23: Pan-Africanism and Organization of African Union

Assessment

You will able to continuously assessed in this module may include:

• Quizzes, Tests and assignments
• Mid-term exam
• Final exam

All assessments consist of automatically graded multiple-choice questions with explanatory feedback. Each question offers four answer choices, marked by small square checkboxes. While the options may not always be labeled A, B, C, or D, you can interpret the checkboxes in that order.

Reference Materials

• History Grade 12 Student Text Book Based on New Curriculum
• Extreme History for Grade 11-12
• Alpha History for Grade 11-12
• Lowe and Traynor, Mastering Modern World History, London: MacMillan Education, 2nd – July 28, 2022.