Lesson 15: Renaissance and Reformation
Video Lesson
Competencies(MLC)
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Compare and contrast the ideals of the renaissance on today’s world thinking.
- Describe the contribution of renaissance thinkers
- Explain the characteristics of renaissance or’ rebirth
- Identify the main futures of reformation;
- Describe the factors for reformation and its consequents
- Explain the Frist and the leading industrial nation in the world..
- Describe the consequence of Industrial revolution in the world.
- Explain the Frist and the leading industrial nation in the world
- List the contributions of the industrial revolution to the modern
Brainstorming Questions
- What is Renaissance? Where does this idea come from?
- what is reformation and counter reformation in European history?
Key Terms
- Vernacular
- Renaissance
- Mona Lisa
- Utopian
National Language.
The rebirth or an intellectual movement .
The picture of Italian Leonardo da Vinci .
The literature written by English man Thomas More.
15.1. The Renaissance and The Reformation
A. The Renaissance
The Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural movement spanning from the 14th to the 17th century, characterized as a “rebirth” of learning and ideas, originating in Italy and spreading throughout Europe.
Key Characteristics
- Urban Society: Renaissance Italy was primarily an urban culture, fostering new ideas and trade.
- Recovery from Disasters: This era marked a recovery from the crises of the 14th century, influencing politics and art.
- Humanism: Emphasis on individual potential and the study of classical antiquity reshaped perspectives on humanity.
Features of the Renaissance
- Classical Studies: Renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman languages, literature, and arts.
- Freedom of Thought: Encouragement of questioning and intellectual exploration.
- Vernacular Language: Use of national languages (e.g., Italian, English) in literature instead of Latin.
Notable Figures and Works
Literature:
- Dante Alighieri: Divine Comedy
- Thomas More: Utopia
- Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote
- William Shakespeare: Various plays and sonnets.
- Martin Luther: German translation of the Holy Bible.
Art:
- Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper, Mona Lisa.
- Michelangelo: Creation of Adam, sculptures of David and Moses.
Science:
- Andreas Vesalius: Human anatomy studies.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed heliocentric theory, stating that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Influence on Modern Society
The Renaissance profoundly impacted the development of modern culture, promoting humanism and scientific inquiry while challenging traditional church doctrines. Its legacy continues to shape contemporary society.
B. The Reformation
The Reformation was a religious movement in the early 16th century that led to the rise of Protestantism, initiated by Martin Luther in Germany in 1517.
Causes of the Reformation
- Social: Discontent with the church’s influence and corruption.
- Political: Desire for greater autonomy from the papacy.
- Religious: Calls for reform within the Catholic Church.
- Economic: Opposition to the church’s wealth and practices, such as indulgences.
Key Figures and Developments
- Martin Luther: Challenged the Catholic Church’s practices, leading to the establishment of Lutheranism.
- Jean Calvin: Founded Calvinism in Switzerland, with followers known as Huguenots in France.
- John Knox: Established Presbyterianism in Scotland.
English Reformation
- King Henry VIII: Separated the English Church from Roman Catholicism, forming the Anglican Church.
- Queen Elizabeth I: Consolidated Protestantism in England.
Catholic Counter-Reformation
In response to Protestantism, the Catholic Church initiated reforms:
- Society of Jesus: Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, focusing on education and missionary work, particularly in the Americas and Asia.
- Peasant Wars: Religious conflicts in Germany (1524-1525) arose from tensions between Protestants and Catholics.
- Thirty Years’ War: A significant conflict (1618-1648) influenced by religious strife, culminating in the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
This overview encapsulates the critical elements of the Renaissance and the Reformation, highlighting their significance in shaping modern Western society and thought.